How Do Solenoids Work and What Are Their Applications

A solenoid is a simple electromechanical device that is designed to convert electrical energy into mechanical movement, allowing it to perform numerous roles for the benefit of diverse industries and applications. As their use ranges from the operation of simple household devices to the automation of complex industrial processes, it can be highly advantageous to have a basic understanding of how these devices work, common types that are available, and their most general uses. As such, read on as we provide a comprehensive overview of solenoids in this blog.

What Is the Working Principle of a Solenoid?

The basic operation of a solenoid revolves around electromagnetic induction, where a magnetic field is generated when electric current passes through a coil of wire. This magnetic field from induction creates a force that is powerful enough to move a metal core or valve plunger, which is typically positioned inside the coil. The movement of the plunger can be used to activate numerous mechanical actions, such as opening a type of valve, switching a circuit, or engaging a locking mechanism.

In most cases, solenoids are designed to operate either as linear actuators or rotary actuators for their supplied movement. Linear options produce a straight-line motion, which is ideal for pushing or pulling objects. Rotary solenoids, on the other hand, create rotational motion, which can be useful for turning things or providing rotational force.

What Are Common Types of Solenoids?

Beyond linear or rotary actuation, solenoids are also classified based on their power source, features, and other such characteristics. While there are numerous options on the market, the most distinct categories are DC, AC, and proportional solenoids.

DC Solenoids: These solenoids are powered by direct current (DC) and are widely used in applications where achieving smooth and consistent force is the highest concern. As a result, these options are often found in starter motors, industrial machinery, and automation equipment.
AC Solenoids: Alternating current (AC) solenoids, on the other hand, are powered by an alternating current source. With current that periodically reverses, these solenoids are ideal for applications that require rapid and repetitive motion with the ability to switch on and off quickly. For example, one will typically find these devices in door locks, relays, and other electromechanical systems that require quick response times.
Proportional Solenoids: These solenoids allow for variable positioning of the valve plunger based on an input electrical signal. This provides more accurate control over mechanical action, making proportional solenoids popular for medical devices or automated control systems where finer adjustments are beneficial.

Common Solenoid Applications

The basic ability to create mechanical movement makes solenoids highly versatile, driving their use within industries ranging from automotive to aerospace. Below are some of the most common applications of solenoids:

Automotive Systems: Solenoids are widely used in motors, fuel injectors, and door locking systems, where they provide the necessary motion to engage or disengage mechanical components.
Aerospace Applications: In aviation, solenoids are used in critical components like fuel control systems and hydraulic actuators. For example, in a gas turbine engine or a turbofan engine, solenoid valves regulate the flow of fuel and air to uphold proper combustion and efficiency.
Industrial Automation: These devices are extensively employed in industrial automation, particularly in fluid control systems where solenoid valves manage the flow of liquids or gasses. They are also used in machinery where precise mechanical movement is required, such as in robotic arms or conveyor systems.
HVAC Systems: In HVAC systems, solenoid valves oversee the flow of refrigerants and other fluids, ensuring proper climate regulation for an enclosed space.
Medical Devices: Proportional solenoids are often used in medical devices where accurate control over fluid flow or pressure is essential, such as in infusion pumps or ventilators.

Where To Find Reliable Solenoid Procurement Solutions

For those looking to source highly dependable solenoids for their industrial or mechanical needs, Emergent Industrials is your one-stop shop with a wide range of components that are readily available for purchase today. Whether you require solenoid valves, plunger assemblies, or other various electromechanical parts, you can always trust in our team to address your needs with competitive pricing and rapid lead times. Furthermore, our staff is always readily available to provide consultation or procurement solutions by phone or email, so be sure to reach out at your convenience to experience our unrivaled fulfillment services.